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Compare Dominican Republic (2001) - Bolivia (2001)

Compare Dominican Republic (2001) z Bolivia (2001)

 Dominican Republic (2001)Bolivia (2001)
 Dominican RepublicBolivia
Administrative divisions 29 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elias Pina, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, Sanchez Ramirez, San Cristobal, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Valverde 9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija
Age structure 0-14 years:
34.11% (male 1,495,477; female 1,431,406)

15-64 years:
60.99% (male 2,664,679; female 2,569,398)

65 years and over:
4.9% (male 199,240; female 221,277) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
38.46% (male 1,626,698; female 1,565,748)

15-64 years:
57.07% (male 2,315,098; female 2,421,987)

65 years and over:
4.47% (male 166,986; female 203,946) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber
Airports 29 (2000 est.) 1,093 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
13

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
13

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
16

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
10 (2000 est.)
total:
1,080

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
65

914 to 1,523 m:
212

under 914 m:
800 (2000 est.)
Area total:
48,730 sq km

land:
48,380 sq km

water:
350 sq km
total:
1,098,580 sq km

land:
1,084,390 sq km

water:
14,190 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire slightly less than three times the size of Montana
Background A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative, rule for much of the 20th century was brought to an end in 1996 when free and open elections ushered in a new government. Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and counter-coups. Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in the 1980s, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and drug production. Current goals include attracting foreign investment, strengthening the educational system, continuing the privatization program, and waging an anti-corruption campaign.
Birth rate 24.77 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 27.27 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$2.3 billion

expenditures:
$2.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $867 million (1999 est.)
revenues:
$2.7 billion

expenditures:
$2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998)
Capital Santo Domingo La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)
Climate tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid
Coastline 1,288 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 28 November 1966 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994
Country name conventional long form:
Dominican Republic

conventional short form:
none

local long form:
Republica Dominicana

local short form:
none
conventional long form:
Republic of Bolivia

conventional short form:
Bolivia

local long form:
Republica de Bolivia

local short form:
Bolivia
Currency Dominican peso (DOP) boliviano (BOB)
Death rate 4.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $4.7 billion (2000 est.) $6.6 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Charles T. MANATT

embassy:
corner of Calle Cesar Nicolas Penson and Calle Leopoldo Navarro, Santo Domingo

mailing address:
Unit 5500, APO AA 34041-5500

telephone:
[1] (809) 221-2171

FAX:
[1] (809) 686-7437
chief of mission:
Ambassador V. Manuel ROCHA

embassy:
Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz

mailing address:
P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032

telephone:
[591] (2) 432254

FAX:
[591] (2) 433854
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Roberto Bienvenido SALADIN-SELIN

chancery:
1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-6280

FAX:
[1] (202) 265-8057

consulate(s) general:
Boston, Chicago, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)

consulate(s):
Houston, Jacksonville, Mobile, and Ponce (Puerto Rico)
chief of mission:
Ambassador Marlene FERNANDEZ del Granado

chancery:
3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 483-4410

FAX:
[1] (202) 328-3712

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco
Disputes - international none has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Chile over Rio Lauca water rights
Economic aid - recipient $239.6 million (1995) $588 million (1997)
Economy - overview The Dominican economy experienced dramatic growth over the last decade, even though the economy was hit hard by Hurricane Georges in 1998. Although the country has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in tourism and free trade zones. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GNP, while the richest ten percent enjoy 40% of national income. In December 2000, the new MEJIA administration passed broad new tax legislation which it hopes will provide enough revenue to offset rising oil prices and to service foreign debt. Bolivia, long one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries, has made considerable progress toward the development of a market-oriented economy. Successes under President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (1993-97) included the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico and joining the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur), as well as the privatization of the state airline, telephone company, railroad, electric power company, and oil company. His successor, Hugo BANZER Suarez has tried to further improve the country's investment climate with an anticorruption campaign. Growth slowed in 1999, in part due to tight government budget policies, which limited needed appropriations for anti-poverty programs, and the fallout from the Asian financial crisis. In 2000, major civil disturbances in April, and again in September and October, held down overall growth to 2.5%.
Electricity - consumption 6.78 billion kWh (1999) 3.377 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 4 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 10 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 7.29 billion kWh (1999) 3.625 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
87.19%

hydro:
12.4%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.41% (1999)
fossil fuel:
56.61%

hydro:
41.6%

nuclear:
0%

other:
1.79% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Lago Enriquillo -46 m

highest point:
Pico Duarte 3,175 m
lowest point:
Rio Paraguay 90 m

highest point:
Nevado Sajama 6,542 m
Environment - current issues water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation; Hurricane Georges damage the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
Ethnic groups white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73% Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, white 15%
Exchange rates Dominican pesos per US dollar - 16.888 (January 2001), 16.415 (2000), 16.033 (1999), 15.267 (1998), 14.265 (1997), 13.775 (1996) bolivianos per US dollar - 6.4071 (January 2001), 6.1835 (2000), 5.8124 (1999), 5.5101 (1998), 5.2543 (1997), 5.0746 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (since 16 August 2000); Vice President Milagros ORTIZ-BOSCH (since 16 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (since 16 August 2000); Vice President Milagros ORTIZ-BOSCH (since 16 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet nominated by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year term; election last held 16 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2004)

election results:
Raphael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez elected president; percent of vote - Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (PRD) 49.87%, Danilo MEDINA (PLD) 24.95%, Joaquin BALAGUER (PRSC) 24.6%
chief of state:
President Hugo BANZER Suarez (since 6 August 1997); Vice President Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 6 August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Hugo BANZER Suarez (since 6 August 1997); Vice President Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 6 August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held May or June 2002)

election results:
Hugo BANZER Suarez elected president; percent of vote - Hugo BANZER Suarez (ADN) 22%; Jaime PAZ Zamora (MIR) 17%, Juan Carlos DURAN (MNR) 18%, Ivo KULJIS (UCS) 16%, Remedios LOZA (CONDEPA) 17%; no candidate received a majority of the popular vote; Hugo BANZER Suarez won a congressional runoff election on 5 August 1997 after forming a "megacoalition" with MIR, UCS, CONDEPA, NFR, and PDC
Exports $5.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $1.26 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats soybeans, natural gas, zinc, gold, wood
Exports - partners US 66.1%, Netherlands 7.8%, Canada 7.6%, Russia 7.4%, UK 4.5% (1999 est.) UK 16%, US 12%, Peru 11%, Argentina 10%, Colombia 7% (1998)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms is at the center of the cross three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band
GDP purchasing power parity - $48.3 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $20.9 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
11.3%

industry:
32.2%

services:
56.5% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
16%

industry:
31%

services:
53% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $5,700 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 8% (2000 est.) 2.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 19 00 N, 70 40 W 17 00 S, 65 00 W
Geography - note shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti (eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic, western one-third is Haiti) landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru
Highways total:
12,600 km

paved:
6,224 km

unpaved:
6,376 km (1996)
total:
49,400 km

paved:
2,500 km (including 30 km of expressways)

unpaved:
46,900 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.6%

highest 10%:
39.6% (1989)
lowest 10%:
2.3%

highest 10%:
31.7% (1990)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru, a distant second) with an estimated 14,600 hectares under cultivation in 2000, a 33% decrease in overall cultivation of coca from 1999 levels; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to the US and other international drug markets; eradication and alternative crop programs have slashed illicit coca cultivation during the BANZER administration beginning in 1997
Imports $9.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $1.86 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals capital goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, chemicals, petroleum, food
Imports - partners US 25.7%, Venezuela 9.2%, Mexico 4%, Japan 3%, Panama 2.6% (1999 est.) US 32%, Japan 24%, Brazil 12%, Argentina 12%, Chile 7%, Peru 4%, Germany 3%, other 6% (1998)
Independence 27 February 1844 (from Haiti) 6 August 1825 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate 8% (2000 est.) 4% (1995 est.)
Industries tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing
Infant mortality rate 34.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 58.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.9% (2000 est.) 4.4% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, Caricom (observer), ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 24 (2000) 9 (2000)
Irrigated land 2,300 sq km (1993 est.) 1,750 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are elected by a Council made up of members of the legislative and executive branches with the president presiding) Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)
Labor force 2.3 million - 2.6 million 2.5 million
Labor force - by occupation services and government 58.7%, industry 24.3%, agriculture 17% (1998 est.) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total:
275 km

border countries:
Haiti 275 km
total:
6,743 km

border countries:
Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km
Land use arable land:
21%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
43%

forests and woodland:
12%

other:
15% (1993 est.)
arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
24%

forests and woodland:
53%

other:
21% (1993 est.)
Languages Spanish Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)
Legal system based on French civil codes based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (149 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 16 May 1998 (next to be held NA May 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 May 1998 (next to be held NA May 2002)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 24, PLD 3, PRSC 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 83, PLD 49, PRSC 17
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - some members are drawn from party lists, thus not directly elected)

elections:
Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA June 2002)

election results:
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADN 11, MIR 7, MNR 4, CONDEPA 3, UCS 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADN 32, MNR 26, MIR 23, UCS 21, CONDEPA 19, MBL 5, IU 4
Life expectancy at birth total population:
73.44 years

male:
71.34 years

female:
75.64 years (2001 est.)
total population:
64.06 years

male:
61.53 years

female:
66.72 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
82.1%

male:
82%

female:
82.2% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
83.1%

male:
90.5%

female:
76% (1995 est.)
Location Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti Central South America, southwest of Brazil
Map references Central America and the Caribbean South America
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
6 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,587 GRT/1,165 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
total:
42 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 141,017 GRT/211,058 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 5, cargo 20, chemical tanker 3, container 1, petroleum tanker 10, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval Boliviana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana), National Police Force (Policia Nacional de Bolivia)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $180 million (FY98) $147 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.1% (FY98) 1.8% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,281,035 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
2,005,660 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,430,776 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,306,452 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 19 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
87,404 (2001 est.)
males:
90,120 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 27 February (1844) Independence Day, 6 August (1825)
Nationality noun:
Dominican(s)

adjective:
Dominican
noun:
Bolivian(s)

adjective:
Bolivian
Natural hazards lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts flooding in the northeast (March-April)
Natural resources nickel, bauxite, gold, silver tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate -3.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -1.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 96 km; petroleum products 8 km crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km
Political parties and leaders Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Hatuey DE CAMPS]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo] Christian Democratic Party or PDC [leader NA]; Civic Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Conscience of the Fatherland or CONDEPA [Remedios LOZA Alvarado]; Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Antonio ARANIBAR]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN [Hugo BANZER Suarez]; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]; New Republican Force or NFR [leader NA]; Pachacuti Indigenous Movement [Filipe QUISPE]; United Left or IU [Marcos DOMIC]

note:
the ADN, MIR, and UCS comprise the ruling coalition
Political pressure groups and leaders Collective of Popular Organizations or COP Cocalero Groups; indigenous organizations; labor unions
Population 8,581,477 (July 2001 est.) 8,300,463 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 25% (1999 est.) 70% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 1.63% (2001 est.) 1.76% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Barahona, La Romana, Puerto Plata, San Pedro de Macoris, Santo Domingo none; however, Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay
Radio broadcast stations AM 120, FM 56, shortwave 4 (1998) AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999)
Radios 1.44 million (1997) 5.25 million (1997)
Railways total:
757 km

standard gauge:
375 km 1.435-m gauge (Central Romana Railroad)

narrow gauge:
142 km 0.762-m gauge (Dominican Republic Government Railway)

note:
240 km operated by sugar companies in various gauges (0.558-m, 0.762-m, 1.067-m gauges) (2000)
total:
3,691 km (single track)

narrow gauge:
3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 39 km 0.760-m gauge (13 km electrified) (1995)
Religions Roman Catholic 95% Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.9 male(s)/female

total population:
1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.82 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age

note:
members of the armed forces and police cannot vote
18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single)
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
relatively efficient system based on islandwide microwave radio relay network

international:
1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly

domestic:
primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 709,000 (1997) 327,600 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 130,149 (1997) 116,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 25 (1997) 48 (1997)
Terrain rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin
Total fertility rate 2.97 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.51 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 13.8% (1999 est.) 11.4% (1997)

note:
widespread underemployment
Waterways none 10,000 km (commercially navigable)
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